Which emergency condition would require immediate referral to a specialist?

Retinal detachment is an emergency condition that necessitates immediate referral to a specialist due to its potential to cause permanent vision loss if not addressed promptly. This condition occurs when the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye, becomes separated from its underlying supportive tissue. Symptoms often include sudden flashes of light, floaters, or a shadow or curtain obstructing part of the visual field. Given the urgency and seriousness of retinal detachment, timely medical intervention is crucial to restore attachment and prevent irreversible damage to vision.

In contrast, the other conditions listed—conjunctivitis, minor abrasions, and dry eye syndrome—while potentially uncomfortable or irritating, do not typically pose the immediate risk of significant vision loss and can often be managed with appropriate non-emergency treatment. Conjunctivitis may require medical attention but is usually self-limiting and often resolves with basic care. Minor abrasions generally heal on their own or with minimal intervention, and dry eye syndrome, while persistent and bothersome, does not represent a critical threat to vision or eye health in the same urgent manner as a retinal detachment.