What is the difference between myopia and hyperopia?

The distinction between myopia and hyperopia lies primarily in the nature of the visual impairment each condition causes. Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, leads to difficulty in seeing distant objects clearly while near objects are seen more distinctly. This occurs because the eyeball is too long relative to the focusing power of the cornea and lens, resulting in light rays entering the eye focusing in front of the retina.

Hyperopia, or farsightedness, is characterized by the opposite issue: difficulties in seeing objects that are close while distant objects may be seen more clearly. This condition typically arises when the eyeball is too short or when the cornea has too little curvature, which causes light rays to focus behind the retina.

The correct answer highlights this fundamental difference, providing clarity regarding the unique challenges presented by each condition. Understanding this distinction is key for those in the field of optometry and for individuals seeking to understand their own vision issues better. Recognizing these specific characteristics informs proper corrective measures, such as prescribing the right type of lenses to address these refractive errors effectively.