What infectious disease can lead to severe ocular manifestations?

The herpes simplex virus is known for its potential to cause severe ocular manifestations, particularly in the form of herpes simplex keratitis. This condition can lead to significant damage to the cornea and potentially result in vision loss if not treated promptly and effectively. The virus can remain dormant in the nerve ganglia and reactivate, leading to recurrent infections that affect the eyes.

In contrast, the common cold primarily causes respiratory symptoms and does not typically lead to ocular issues. Influenza similarly affects the respiratory system, again lacking a direct link to severe ocular complications. Although HIV can have various ocular manifestations, including opportunistic infections and conditions like HIV retinopathy, these are more indirect than the direct and acute effects that herpes simplex virus can have on the eye itself.

Understanding these differences is crucial for recognizing and managing infections that may present with significant ocular complications, underlining the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment of herpes simplex infections to prevent serious outcomes.